Water Project: Difference between revisions
(Sections about drinking water, water used for etching PCBs, analysis) |
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= What this is about = | |||
This page is a collection of ideas & resources for | This page is a collection of ideas & resources for DIY water analysis and treatment. | ||
== Links == | |||
* [https://publiclab.org/ Public Lab - Community on environmental concerns and DIY techniques] | |||
= Drinking water = | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinking_water Wikipedia: Drinking water – Definitions, statistics, links] | |||
* [https://www.eawag.ch/de/beratung/beratung/kompetenzzentrum-trinkwasser/ Competence center for drinking water at Eawag – Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology] | |||
== How do we know if it’s safe to drink? – Analysis == | |||
Does it look clear or muddy, coloured? | |||
* look for particles (minerals, microplastic?) -> microscope? | |||
* [[#photometric_analysis|photometric]] -> green laser? | |||
Does it contain “bad bugs”? | |||
* simple bacterial testing (see card 7, “bad bugs”) http://www.waterscope.org | |||
Does it contain harmful chemicals? | |||
* lead, iron, [[#copper_analysis|copper]] | |||
* arsenic | |||
* chlorine and other water treatment chemicals | |||
* pesticides and other agricultural chemicals | |||
* salt -> [[#conductivity_measurement|conductivity]] | |||
== How can we make it safe to drink? – Treatment == | |||
* filter | |||
* sterilise -> uv light, sunlight [http://www.sodis.ch/index_EN SODIS Solar Water Disinfection with PET bottles] | |||
* distill | |||
* ... | |||
== What would a "minimal" water analysis and treatment kit look like to make drinking water from any water found? == | |||
The ''SGMK waterlab'' (/wetlab /aqualab?) | |||
== | = Water that was used for etching PCBs = | ||
== How do we know if it’s safe to dispose of? – Analysis == | |||
* [[#copper_analysis|copper]] | |||
* ... | |||
== How can we treat it so it's safe to dispose of? – Treatment == | |||
* iron sponge | |||
* ... | |||
== Photometric analysis == | = Analysis = | ||
== <span id="photometric_analysis"> Photometric analysis</span> == | |||
Photometry is a common method in chemical analytics. The intensity the color of a dye is measured visually or by an technical equipment. These dye can be produced by chemical reaction of the analyte with a specific reagent. The amount of analyte in the solution is proportional to the intensity of the color. | Photometry is a common method in chemical analytics. The intensity the color of a dye is measured visually or by an technical equipment. These dye can be produced by chemical reaction of the analyte with a specific reagent. The amount of analyte in the solution is proportional to the intensity of the color. | ||
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[[File:nitrat test.jpg|400px]] | [[File:nitrat test.jpg|400px]] | ||
== Copper analysis == | == <span id="copper_analysis">Copper analysis</span> == | ||
PAN solution 4x10-3 mol L-1 | PAN solution 4x10-3 mol L-1 | ||
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0.1 ml PAN (5mg/10ml in Ethanol) | 0.1 ml PAN (5mg/10ml in Ethanol) | ||
== Conductivity measurement == | == <span id="conductivity_measurement">Conductivity measurement</span> == | ||
[https://thecavepearlproject.org/2017/08/12/measuring-electrical-conductivity-with-an-arduino-part1-overview/Measuring Electrical Conductivity with Arduino] | [https://thecavepearlproject.org/2017/08/12/measuring-electrical-conductivity-with-an-arduino-part1-overview/Measuring Electrical Conductivity with Arduino] | ||
[https://publiclab.org/wiki/conductivity_sensing DIY conductivity sensor designs] | [https://publiclab.org/wiki/conductivity_sensing DIY conductivity sensor designs] |
Revision as of 15:18, 15 January 2019
What this is about
This page is a collection of ideas & resources for DIY water analysis and treatment.
Links
Drinking water
- Wikipedia: Drinking water – Definitions, statistics, links
- Competence center for drinking water at Eawag – Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology
How do we know if it’s safe to drink? – Analysis
Does it look clear or muddy, coloured?
- look for particles (minerals, microplastic?) -> microscope?
- photometric -> green laser?
Does it contain “bad bugs”?
- simple bacterial testing (see card 7, “bad bugs”) http://www.waterscope.org
Does it contain harmful chemicals?
- lead, iron, copper
- arsenic
- chlorine and other water treatment chemicals
- pesticides and other agricultural chemicals
- salt -> conductivity
How can we make it safe to drink? – Treatment
- filter
- sterilise -> uv light, sunlight SODIS Solar Water Disinfection with PET bottles
- distill
- ...
What would a "minimal" water analysis and treatment kit look like to make drinking water from any water found?
The SGMK waterlab (/wetlab /aqualab?)
Water that was used for etching PCBs
How do we know if it’s safe to dispose of? – Analysis
- copper
- ...
How can we treat it so it's safe to dispose of? – Treatment
- iron sponge
- ...
Analysis
Photometric analysis
Photometry is a common method in chemical analytics. The intensity the color of a dye is measured visually or by an technical equipment. These dye can be produced by chemical reaction of the analyte with a specific reagent. The amount of analyte in the solution is proportional to the intensity of the color.
Nitrate analysis
Nitrate Test
10 ml volumetric flask add - 9ml water - spatula zinc powder - 2 drops acetic acid 100% shake well add N=2 reagenz
add Nitrate standard shake well nitrate is reduced to nitrite and reacts to red color
Copper analysis
PAN solution 4x10-3 mol L-1
1 - (2-Pyridrylazo)- 2-naphthol
CuSO4 1g/l = 0.254 g/l Cu
In 10 ml Kolben geben
Solution with copper 1ml 4x10-3 mol L-1 PAN 0.1 – 2.0-mL of 0.2 mol L-1 sulfuric acid Fill uo to 10ml with Deion water
H2SO4 25%= 250g/l = 2.5 mol/l
add to 10ml volumetric flask
10 ml solution with copper (0.2 - 10 mg/l Cu) 1 T H2SO4 25% 0.1 ml PAN (5mg/10ml in Ethanol)