Water Project: Difference between revisions

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(Sections about drinking water, water used for etching PCBs, analysis)
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== What is it about ==
= What this is about =


This page is a collection of ideas & resources for diy water analysis and treatment.
This page is a collection of ideas & resources for DIY water analysis and treatment.
 
== Links ==
* [https://publiclab.org/ Public Lab - Community on environmental concerns and DIY techniques]
 
 
= Drinking water =
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinking_water Wikipedia: Drinking water – Definitions, statistics, links]
* [https://www.eawag.ch/de/beratung/beratung/kompetenzzentrum-trinkwasser/ Competence center for drinking water at Eawag – Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology]
 
== How do we know if it’s safe to drink? – Analysis ==
 
Does it look clear or muddy, coloured?
* look for particles (minerals, microplastic?) -> microscope?
* [[#photometric_analysis|photometric]] -> green laser?
 
 
Does it contain “bad bugs”?
* simple bacterial testing (see card 7, “bad bugs”) http://www.waterscope.org
 
 
Does it contain harmful chemicals?
* lead, iron, [[#copper_analysis|copper]]
* arsenic
* chlorine and other water treatment chemicals
* pesticides and other agricultural chemicals
* salt -> [[#conductivity_measurement|conductivity]]
 
 
== How can we make it safe to drink? – Treatment ==
* filter
* sterilise -> uv light, sunlight [http://www.sodis.ch/index_EN SODIS Solar Water Disinfection with PET bottles]
* distill
* ...
 
 
== What would a "minimal" water analysis and treatment kit look like to make drinking water from any water found? ==
 
The ''SGMK waterlab'' (/wetlab /aqualab?)




== Links ==
= Water that was used for etching PCBs =
== How do we know if it’s safe to dispose of? – Analysis ==
* [[#copper_analysis|copper]]
* ...
 
 
== How can we treat it so it's safe to dispose of? – Treatment ==
* iron sponge
* ...


* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinking_water Drinking water - Definitions, statistics, more links]
* [https://www.eawag.ch/de/beratung/beratung/kompetenzzentrum-trinkwasser/ Competence center for drinking water from Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology]
* [http://www.sodis.ch/index_EN SODIS Solar Water Disinfection with PET bottles]
* [https://publiclab.org/ Public Lab - Community on environmental concerns and DIY techniques]


== Photometric analysis ==
= Analysis =
== <span id="photometric_analysis"> Photometric analysis</span> ==
Photometry is a common method in chemical analytics. The intensity the color of a dye is measured visually or by an technical equipment. These dye can be produced by chemical reaction of the analyte with a specific reagent. The amount of analyte in the solution is proportional to the intensity of the color.
Photometry is a common method in chemical analytics. The intensity the color of a dye is measured visually or by an technical equipment. These dye can be produced by chemical reaction of the analyte with a specific reagent. The amount of analyte in the solution is proportional to the intensity of the color.


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[[File:nitrat test.jpg|400px]]
[[File:nitrat test.jpg|400px]]


== Copper analysis ==
== <span id="copper_analysis">Copper analysis</span> ==


PAN solution 4x10-3 mol L-1
PAN solution 4x10-3 mol L-1
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0.1 ml PAN (5mg/10ml in Ethanol)
0.1 ml PAN (5mg/10ml in Ethanol)


== Conductivity measurement ==
== <span id="conductivity_measurement">Conductivity measurement</span> ==


[https://thecavepearlproject.org/2017/08/12/measuring-electrical-conductivity-with-an-arduino-part1-overview/Measuring Electrical Conductivity with Arduino]
[https://thecavepearlproject.org/2017/08/12/measuring-electrical-conductivity-with-an-arduino-part1-overview/Measuring Electrical Conductivity with Arduino]


[https://publiclab.org/wiki/conductivity_sensing DIY conductivity sensor designs]
[https://publiclab.org/wiki/conductivity_sensing DIY conductivity sensor designs]

Revision as of 15:18, 15 January 2019

What this is about

This page is a collection of ideas & resources for DIY water analysis and treatment.

Links


Drinking water

How do we know if it’s safe to drink? – Analysis

Does it look clear or muddy, coloured?

  • look for particles (minerals, microplastic?) -> microscope?
  • photometric -> green laser?


Does it contain “bad bugs”?


Does it contain harmful chemicals?

  • lead, iron, copper
  • arsenic
  • chlorine and other water treatment chemicals
  • pesticides and other agricultural chemicals
  • salt -> conductivity


How can we make it safe to drink? – Treatment


What would a "minimal" water analysis and treatment kit look like to make drinking water from any water found?

The SGMK waterlab (/wetlab /aqualab?)


Water that was used for etching PCBs

How do we know if it’s safe to dispose of? – Analysis


How can we treat it so it's safe to dispose of? – Treatment

  • iron sponge
  • ...


Analysis

Photometric analysis

Photometry is a common method in chemical analytics. The intensity the color of a dye is measured visually or by an technical equipment. These dye can be produced by chemical reaction of the analyte with a specific reagent. The amount of analyte in the solution is proportional to the intensity of the color.

Beer–Lambert law

Nitrate analysis

Nitrate Test

10 ml volumetric flask add - 9ml water - spatula zinc powder - 2 drops acetic acid 100% shake well add N=2 reagenz

add Nitrate standard shake well nitrate is reduced to nitrite and reacts to red color

Copper analysis

PAN solution 4x10-3 mol L-1

1 - (2-Pyridrylazo)- 2-naphthol

CuSO4 1g/l = 0.254 g/l Cu

In 10 ml Kolben geben

Solution with copper 1ml 4x10-3 mol L-1 PAN 0.1 – 2.0-mL of 0.2 mol L-1 sulfuric acid Fill uo to 10ml with Deion water


H2SO4 25%= 250g/l = 2.5 mol/l

add to 10ml volumetric flask

10 ml solution with copper (0.2 - 10 mg/l Cu) 1 T H2SO4 25% 0.1 ml PAN (5mg/10ml in Ethanol)

Conductivity measurement

Electrical Conductivity with Arduino

DIY conductivity sensor designs