Water Project: Difference between revisions
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= What this is about = | |||
This page is a collection of ideas & resources for | This page is a collection of ideas & resources for DIY water analysis and treatment. | ||
== Links == | |||
* [https://publiclab.org/ Public Lab - Community on environmental concerns and DIY techniques] | |||
* [https://forum.openhardware.science/t/water-test-kit-matrix Discussion on GOSH forum] | |||
= Drinking water = | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinking_water Wikipedia: Drinking water – Definitions, statistics, links] | |||
* [https://www.eawag.ch/de/beratung/beratung/kompetenzzentrum-trinkwasser/ Competence center for drinking water at Eawag – Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology] | |||
* [https://www.water-research.net/index.php/water-testing/drinking-water-test-kits Drinking water test kits] | |||
== How do we know if it’s safe to drink? – Analysis == | |||
== | Does it look clear or muddy, coloured? | ||
* look for particles (minerals, microplastic?) -> microscope? | |||
* [[#photometric_analysis|photometric]] -> green laser? | |||
Does it contain “bad bugs”? | |||
* simple bacterial testing (see card 7, “bad bugs”) http://www.waterscope.org | |||
Does it contain harmful chemicals? | |||
* lead, iron, [[#copper_analysis|copper]] | |||
* arsenic | |||
* chlorine and other water treatment chemicals | |||
* pesticides and other agricultural chemicals | |||
* salt -> [[#conductivity_measurement|conductivity]] | |||
== How can we make it safe to drink? – Treatment == | |||
* filter | |||
* sterilise -> uv light, sunlight [http://www.sodis.ch/index_EN SODIS Solar Water Disinfection with PET bottles] | |||
* distill | |||
* ... | |||
== What would a "minimal" water analysis and treatment kit look like to make drinking water from any water found? == | |||
The ''SGMK waterlab'' (/wetlab /aqualab?) | |||
= Water that was used for etching PCBs = | |||
== How do we know if it’s safe to dispose of? – Analysis == | |||
* [[#copper_analysis|copper]] | |||
* ... | |||
== How can we treat it so it's safe to dispose of? – Treatment == | |||
* iron sponge | |||
* ... | |||
== Photometric analysis == | = Analysis = | ||
== <span id="photometric_analysis"> Photometric analysis</span> == | |||
Photometry is a common method in chemical analytics. The intensity the color of a dye is measured visually or by an technical equipment. These dye can be produced by chemical reaction of the analyte with a specific reagent. The amount of analyte in the solution is proportional to the intensity of the color. | Photometry is a common method in chemical analytics. The intensity the color of a dye is measured visually or by an technical equipment. These dye can be produced by chemical reaction of the analyte with a specific reagent. The amount of analyte in the solution is proportional to the intensity of the color. | ||
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== Nitrate analysis == | == Nitrate analysis == | ||
Nitrat is a manure that is used in agriculture. Nitrat rich soils are fertile but can also pollute groundwater. | |||
Nitrate Test | Nitrate Test | ||
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[[File:nitrat test.jpg|400px]] | [[File:nitrat test.jpg|400px]] | ||
== Copper analysis == | == <span id="copper_analysis">Copper analysis</span> == | ||
When etching PCB waste with high copper concentration is produced. This waste is highly toxic to the aquatic environment. It is possible to remove the copper from the solution through a chemical process but the resulting solution has to be tested for remaining copper. | |||
PAN solution 4x10-3 mol L-1 | PAN solution 4x10-3 mol L-1 | ||
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CuSO4 1g/l = 0.254 g/l Cu | CuSO4 1g/l = 0.254 g/l Cu | ||
[[File:copper_test.jpg|400px]] | [[File:copper_test.jpg|400px]] | ||
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0.1 ml PAN (5mg/10ml in Ethanol) | 0.1 ml PAN (5mg/10ml in Ethanol) | ||
== Conductivity measurement == | == <span id="conductivity_measurement">Conductivity measurement</span> == | ||
[https://thecavepearlproject.org/2017/08/12/measuring-electrical-conductivity-with-an-arduino-part1-overview/Measuring Electrical Conductivity with Arduino] | [https://thecavepearlproject.org/2017/08/12/measuring-electrical-conductivity-with-an-arduino-part1-overview/Measuring Electrical Conductivity with Arduino] | ||
[https://publiclab.org/wiki/conductivity_sensing DIY conductivity sensor designs] | [https://publiclab.org/wiki/conductivity_sensing DIY conductivity sensor designs] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:45, 5 February 2019
What this is about
This page is a collection of ideas & resources for DIY water analysis and treatment.
Links
Drinking water
- Wikipedia: Drinking water – Definitions, statistics, links
- Competence center for drinking water at Eawag – Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology
- Drinking water test kits
How do we know if it’s safe to drink? – Analysis
Does it look clear or muddy, coloured?
- look for particles (minerals, microplastic?) -> microscope?
- photometric -> green laser?
Does it contain “bad bugs”?
- simple bacterial testing (see card 7, “bad bugs”) http://www.waterscope.org
Does it contain harmful chemicals?
- lead, iron, copper
- arsenic
- chlorine and other water treatment chemicals
- pesticides and other agricultural chemicals
- salt -> conductivity
How can we make it safe to drink? – Treatment
- filter
- sterilise -> uv light, sunlight SODIS Solar Water Disinfection with PET bottles
- distill
- ...
What would a "minimal" water analysis and treatment kit look like to make drinking water from any water found?
The SGMK waterlab (/wetlab /aqualab?)
Water that was used for etching PCBs
How do we know if it’s safe to dispose of? – Analysis
- copper
- ...
How can we treat it so it's safe to dispose of? – Treatment
- iron sponge
- ...
Analysis
Photometric analysis
Photometry is a common method in chemical analytics. The intensity the color of a dye is measured visually or by an technical equipment. These dye can be produced by chemical reaction of the analyte with a specific reagent. The amount of analyte in the solution is proportional to the intensity of the color.
Nitrate analysis
Nitrat is a manure that is used in agriculture. Nitrat rich soils are fertile but can also pollute groundwater.
Nitrate Test
10 ml volumetric flask add - 9ml water - spatula zinc powder - 2 drops acetic acid 100% shake well add N=2 reagenz
add Nitrate standard shake well nitrate is reduced to nitrite and reacts to red color
Copper analysis
When etching PCB waste with high copper concentration is produced. This waste is highly toxic to the aquatic environment. It is possible to remove the copper from the solution through a chemical process but the resulting solution has to be tested for remaining copper.
PAN solution 4x10-3 mol L-1
1 - (2-Pyridrylazo)- 2-naphthol
CuSO4 1g/l = 0.254 g/l Cu
In 10 ml Kolben geben
Solution with copper 1ml 4x10-3 mol L-1 PAN 0.1 – 2.0-mL of 0.2 mol L-1 sulfuric acid Fill uo to 10ml with Deion water
H2SO4 25%= 250g/l = 2.5 mol/l
add to 10ml volumetric flask
10 ml solution with copper (0.2 - 10 mg/l Cu) 1 T H2SO4 25% 0.1 ml PAN (5mg/10ml in Ethanol)