CapSense (QTouchADC)

Information

This is another CapSense implementation that tries to follow the specifications of Atmels QTouchADC, a version of QTouch that uses the internal Sample & Hold capacitor of the ADC. No external capacitor is needed anymore! Just make some small sensor pads, or even sliders and wheels (see Atmel Design referece).

To make the measurement more stable I used transistors to drive the LEDs (somehow it works much better when there is less current through the chip), and it is recommended to use a stable power source (batteries or add an additional capacitor between 5V and GND).

Some links and a video will come soon...

Code

/*
 NC      1   8   +5V
 KEY0    2   7   NC
 KEY1    3   6   LAMP PWM2
 GND     4   5   LAMP PWM1
 
 */

#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/delay.h>


//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

void init(){
    // ADC
    ADMUX = (0<<REFS0); //VCC reference
    ADCSRA = (1<<ADEN)| (1<<ADPS2)|(1<<ADPS1)|(1<<ADPS0); //ADC enable, prescaler 128
 
    // PWM
	DDRB |= (1<<PB0)|(1<<PB1); // PWM-outputs

	TCCR0A = (1<<COM0A1)|(1<<COM0B1)|(1<<WGM01)|(1<<WGM00); // fast PWM
	TCCR0B = (1<<CS02); // counter clock divider 256
	OCR0A = 255;
    OCR0B = 255;
}

// pre: input PB3 (ADC3) and PB4 (ADC2). PB2 (ADC1) is used as reference, PB0 and PB1 for PWM
uint16_t sensePad(uint8_t adcPin){
    int16_t measurement1, measurement2;
    uint8_t portPin;
    if (adcPin == 3) {
        portPin = PB3;
    } else {
        portPin = PB4;
    }

    // first measurement: adcPin low, S/H high
    ADMUX = (0<<REFS0) | 0x01; // set ADC sample+hold condensator to the free PB2 (ADC1) 

    PORTB |= (1<<PB2); //PB2/ADC1 ref/ S/H higt
    DDRB |= (1<<portPin) | (1<<PB2); // both output: adcPin low, S/H (ADC1) high
    _delay_us(32);
    DDRB &= ~((1<<portPin) | (1<<PB2));
    PORTB &= ~((1<<portPin) | (1<<PB2));

    ADMUX = (0<<REFS0) | (adcPin & 0x03); // read extern condensator from adcPin
    ADCSRA |= (1<<ADSC); // start conversion
    while (!(ADCSRA & (1 << ADIF))); // wait for conversion complete
    ADCSRA |= (1 << ADIF); // clear ADIF
    measurement1=ADC;

    // second measurement: adcPin high, S/H low
    ADMUX = (0<<REFS0) | 0x01; // set ADC sample+hold condensator to the free PB2 (ADC1)

    PORTB |= (1<<portPin); // sensePad/adcPin high
    DDRB |= (1<<portPin) | (1<<PB2); // both output: adcPin high, S/H (ADC1) low
    _delay_us(32);
    DDRB &= ~((1<<portPin) | (1<<PB2));
    PORTB &= ~((1<<portPin) | (1<<PB2));

    ADMUX = (0<<REFS0) | (adcPin & 0x03); // read extern condensator from adcPin
    ADCSRA |= (1<<ADSC); // start conversion
    while (!(ADCSRA & (1 << ADIF))); // wait for conversion complete
    ADCSRA |= (1 << ADIF); // clear ADCIF
    measurement2=ADC;


    return (measurement2 - measurement1)+1023;
}

uint8_t getMultiplicator(int16_t value, uint16_t maxValue){
    if (maxValue<64){
        value=value*4;
    } else if (maxValue < 86){
        value= value*3;
    } else if (maxValue < 103) {
        value = (value/2)*5;
    } else if (maxValue<128){
        value=value*2;
    } else if (maxValue < 154){
        value = (value/3)*5;
    } else if (maxValue<171){
        value = (value/2)*3;
    } else if (maxValue<205){
        value = (value/4)*5;
    } else {
        value=(value/5)*4;
    }
    return value;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main(void) {
	init();
	int16_t senseValue1, senseValue2;
    int16_t refMin1, refMin2;
    uint16_t refMax1, refMax2;
    refMin1 = sensePad(2);
    refMin1 = sensePad(2);
    refMin2 = sensePad(3);
    refMin2 = sensePad(3);

    for(;;){
        PORTB &= ~(1<<PB3);

        senseValue1 = sensePad(2);
        senseValue1 = senseValue1 - refMin1;
        if (senseValue1<0){
            senseValue1=0;
        }
        if (senseValue1>refMax1) {
            refMax1=senseValue1;
        }
        senseValue1 = getMultiplicator((uint8_t) senseValue1, refMax1);

        senseValue2 = sensePad(3);
        senseValue2 = senseValue2 - refMin2;
        if (senseValue2<0){
            senseValue2=0;
        }
        if (senseValue2>refMax2) {
            refMax2=senseValue2;
        }
        senseValue2 = getMultiplicator((uint8_t) senseValue2, refMax2);

        OCR0B = senseValue1;
        OCR0A = senseValue2;
        
    }
    return 0;   /* never reached */
}