Fermento Mods

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dusjagr's simple version 4-digit display

/*
 * (c) Fakufaku 2013
 * This is the code for the homebrew incubator 'Fermento'
 * This code is released under the CC-BY-SA 3.0 License.
 * The part of the code that's used for the display on the 7-segment was ripped off the BigTime code from Nathan Seidl. I owe him a beer then.
 */

#include <math.h>

#include <PID_v1.h>

#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0

//Careful messing with the system color, you can damage the display if
//you assign the wrong color. If you're in doubt, set it to red and load the code,
//then see what the color is.
#define RED  1
#define GREEN 2
#define BLUE  3
#define YELLOW  4
int systemColor = RED;
int display_brightness = 15000; //A larger number makes the display more dim. This is set correctly below.
// slow continuous PWM variables
#define PWM_MS 50  // this changes the update speed
#define PWM_MIN 100
#define RELAY_ON  LOW
#define RELAY_OFF HIGH

// PID loop parameter
#define PID_KP  50
#define PID_KI  1
#define PID_KD  1

// Some display related parameters (time in seconds, temperature in degrees Celsius)
#define TIME_INCREMENT 1800
#define MAX_TIME 356459
#define TEMP_INCREMENT 1
#define MAX_TEMP 65

//-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
// Uncomment following line for the homebrew (1-sided) PCB version
//#define FERMENTO_1SIDE
#define FERMENTO_DUSJAGR

//Pin definitions
#ifdef FERMENTO_DUSJAGR
int digit1 = 13;    //Display pin 12
int digit2 = 10;    //Display pin 9
int digit3 = 9;    //Display pin 8
int digit4 = 7;     //Display pin 6

int segA = 12;      //Display pin 11
int segB = 8;      //Display pin 7
int segC = 5;       //Display pin 4
int segD = 3;       //Display pin 2
int segE = 2;       //Display pin 1
int segF = 11;      //Display pin 10
int segG = 6;       //Display pin 5

int colons = 4;     //Display pin 3

int temp_sen = A5;  // to read the temperature sensor
int poti_sen = A4;  // to read the temperature sensor

const static int buzz = A2;
const static int theButton = A1;
const static int theButton2 = A0;
const static int pwm_pin = A3;  // Pin 4

// The interrupt of button1 is on external interrupt 0
// The interrupt of button2 is on external interrupt 1
#define BUTTON1_INT_VECT INT0_vect
#define BUTTON2_INT_VECT INT1_vect
#define BUTTONS_INT_SET() do  \
  {                           \
    EICRA = (1<<ISC11) + (1<<ISC01); /* falling edge */ \
    EIMSK = (1<<INT1) + (1<<INT0);      \
  }                           \
  while (0)

#else

// The interrupt of button1 is on external interrupt 0
// The interrupt of button2 is on PCINT13 (A5), on PCIE1.
#define BUTTON1_INT_VECT INT0_vect
#define BUTTON2_INT_VECT PCINT1_vect
#define BUTTONS_INT_SET() do  \
  {                           \
    EICRA = (1<<ISC01); /* falling edge */     \
    EIMSK = (1<<INT0);        \
    PCICR = (1 << PCIE1);     \
    PCMSK1 = (1 << PCINT13);  \
  }                           \
  while (0)

#endif
//-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=


// Display status variable
#define TIME 1
#define TEMP 2
int display_status = TEMP;
int backoff = 0;  // just a short backoff for when we switch the display between TIME/TEMP
#define BACKOFFTIME 2
char disp_str[4];

// Variable to keep track of PWM window
unsigned long windowStartTime;

// control variables for PID
double t_incub;      // input to PID (temperature in incubator)
double t_incub_N;    // number of samples in t_incub average
double pwm_duty;     // output of PID
double t_set = 0;    // set point (target temperature)
double a_Poti;      // poti value

//Specify the links and initial tuning parameters
PID myPID(&t_incub, &pwm_duty, &t_set, PID_KP, PID_KI, PID_KD, DIRECT);

// display timer (freeze parameters to display for 2 seconds)
int t_incub_disp;

// Timer variables
unsigned long timer_seconds = 0;

//The very important 32.686kHz interrupt handler
SIGNAL(TIMER2_OVF_vect)
{
  if (timer_seconds > 1)
  {
    timer_seconds--;
  }
  else if (timer_seconds == 1)
  {
    // reset timer
    timer_seconds = 0;
    // turn off by setting target temperature to zero
    t_set = 0;
    // Reset the PID
    myPID.SetMode(MANUAL);
    myPID.SetMode(AUTOMATIC);
  }

  // decrement backoff
  if (backoff > 0)
    backoff--;
}

//The interrupt occurs when you push the button
SIGNAL(BUTTON1_INT_VECT)
{
  display_status = TEMP;
  backoff = BACKOFFTIME;
}

SIGNAL(BUTTON2_INT_VECT)
{
  display_status = TIME;
  backoff = BACKOFFTIME;
}

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(57600);

  // set ADC reference to 3.3V
  analogReference(DEFAULT);

  // initialize pwm drive pin, and turn it off
  pinMode(pwm_pin, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(pwm_pin, HIGH);

  // initialize buzzer pin
  pinMode(buzz, OUTPUT);

  // initialize the buttons
  pinMode(theButton, INPUT);
  digitalWrite(theButton, HIGH); // pull-up
  pinMode(theButton2, INPUT);
  digitalWrite(theButton2, HIGH); // pull-up
  BUTTONS_INT_SET();

  //Setup TIMER2
  TCCR2A = 0x00;
  TCCR2B = (1<<CS22)|(1<<CS20); //Set CLK/128 or overflow interrupt every 1s
  ASSR   = (1<<AS2); //Enable asynchronous operation
  TIMSK2 = (1<<TOIE2); //Enable the timer 2 interrupt

  //These pins are used to control the display
  pinMode(segA, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segB, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segC, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segD, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segE, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segF, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segG, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(digit1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(digit2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(digit3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(digit4, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(colons, OUTPUT);

  // setup PID stuff
  myPID.SetOutputLimits(PWM_MIN-1, PWM_MS-PWM_MIN+1);
  myPID.SetMode(AUTOMATIC);
  myPID.SetSampleTime(PWM_MS);
  windowStartTime = millis();

  // initialize pwm
  pwm_duty = 0; // off
  t_incub = read_temperature();
  t_incub_N = 1;

  // initialize slow variables for display
  t_incub_disp = t_incub;

}

void loop()
{

  //displayLetters("UCOK");
  
  //temperatureControl();
  
  analogIn();
  
  displayNumber(a_Poti, FALSE); //Each call takes about 8ms, display the colon

}

// Simple PWM based on millis directly

void temperatureControl()
{

  unsigned long now = millis();

  // averaging over the whole 5 seconds
  t_incub += (read_temperature() - t_incub)/(++t_incub_N);

  if(now - windowStartTime > PWM_MS)
  { 
    // compute new pwm value for that window
    if (t_set != 0)
      myPID.Compute();

    // start a new relay window
    windowStartTime = now;

    // restart averaging of temperature
    t_incub_disp = t_incub;
    t_incub = read_temperature();
    t_incub_N = 1;

  }


}

void analogIn()
{

  a_Poti = read_AnalogIn();
    
}

float read_temperature()
{
  float A = 0;
  for (int i=0 ; i < 10 ; i++)
    A += analogRead(temp_sen);
  A /= 10;
  return (A/1023.*3300 - 600)/10;
}

float read_AnalogIn()
{
  float A = 0;
  for (int i=0 ; i < 100 ; i++)
    A += analogRead(poti_sen);
  A /= 100;
  return (A);
}

dusjagr's freq-measurement

Adding an oscillator 4093 circuit and measuring the frequency with the arduino, display the count on the 4-digit

/*
 * (c) Fakufaku 2013
 * This is the code for the homebrew incubator 'Fermento'
 * This code is released under the CC-BY-SA 3.0 License.
 * The part of the code that's used for the display on the 7-segment was ripped off the BigTime code from Nathan Seidl. I owe him a beer then.
 */

#include <math.h>

#include <PID_v1.h>

#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0

//Careful messing with the system color, you can damage the display if
//you assign the wrong color. If you're in doubt, set it to red and load the code,
//then see what the color is.
#define RED  1
#define GREEN 2
#define BLUE  3
#define YELLOW  4
int systemColor = RED;
int display_brightness = 15000; //A larger number makes the display more dim. This is set correctly below.
// slow continuous PWM variables
#define PWM_MS 50  // this changes the update speed
#define PWM_MIN 100
#define RELAY_ON  LOW
#define RELAY_OFF HIGH

// PID loop parameter
#define PID_KP  50
#define PID_KI  1
#define PID_KD  1

// Some display related parameters (time in seconds, temperature in degrees Celsius)
#define TIME_INCREMENT 1800
#define MAX_TIME 356459
#define TEMP_INCREMENT 1
#define MAX_TEMP 65

//-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
// Uncomment following line for the homebrew (1-sided) PCB version
//#define FERMENTO_1SIDE
#define FERMENTO_DUSJAGR

//Pin definitions
#ifdef FERMENTO_DUSJAGR
int digit1 = 13;    //Display pin 12
int digit2 = 10;    //Display pin 9
int digit3 = 9;    //Display pin 8
int digit4 = 7;     //Display pin 6

int segA = 12;      //Display pin 11
int segB = 8;      //Display pin 7
int segC = 5;       //Display pin 4
int segD = 3;       //Display pin 2
int segE = 2;       //Display pin 1
int segF = 11;      //Display pin 10
int segG = 6;       //Display pin 5

int colons = 4;     //Display pin 3

int temp_sen = A5;  // to read the temperature sensor
int poti_sen = A4;  // to read the temperature sensor

int pinInt = A5;
 
uint8_t input = 0;
uint8_t inputNext = 0;
 
uint16_t count = 0;
uint16_t countTMP = 0;
 
uint8_t countHB = 0;         
uint8_t countLB = 0; 
uint16_t countSQ = 0; 

int averaging = 1;

const static int buzz = A2;
const static int theButton = A1;
const static int theButton2 = A0;
const static int pwm_pin = A3;  // Pin 4

// The interrupt of button1 is on external interrupt 0
// The interrupt of button2 is on external interrupt 1
#define BUTTON1_INT_VECT INT0_vect
#define BUTTON2_INT_VECT INT1_vect
#define BUTTONS_INT_SET() do  \
  {                           \
    EICRA = (1<<ISC11) + (1<<ISC01); /* falling edge */ \
    EIMSK = (1<<INT1) + (1<<INT0);      \
  }                           \
  while (0)

#else

// The interrupt of button1 is on external interrupt 0
// The interrupt of button2 is on PCINT13 (A5), on PCIE1.
#define BUTTON1_INT_VECT INT0_vect
#define BUTTON2_INT_VECT PCINT1_vect
#define BUTTONS_INT_SET() do  \
  {                           \
    EICRA = (1<<ISC01); /* falling edge */     \
    EIMSK = (1<<INT0);        \
    PCICR = (1 << PCIE1);     \
    PCMSK1 = (1 << PCINT13);  \
  }                           \
  while (0)

#endif
//-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=


// Display status variable
#define TIME 1
#define TEMP 2
int display_status = TEMP;
int backoff = 0;  // just a short backoff for when we switch the display between TIME/TEMP
#define BACKOFFTIME 2
char disp_str[4];

// Variable to keep track of PWM window
unsigned long windowStartTime;

// control variables for PID
double t_incub;      // input to PID (temperature in incubator)
double t_incub_N;    // number of samples in t_incub average
double pwm_duty;     // output of PID
double t_set = 0;    // set point (target temperature)
double a_Poti;      // poti value

//Specify the links and initial tuning parameters
PID myPID(&t_incub, &pwm_duty, &t_set, PID_KP, PID_KI, PID_KD, DIRECT);

// display timer (freeze parameters to display for 2 seconds)
int t_incub_disp;

// Timer variables
unsigned long timer_seconds = 0;

//The very important 32.686kHz interrupt handler
SIGNAL(TIMER2_OVF_vect)
{
  if (timer_seconds > 1)
  {
    timer_seconds--;
  }
  else if (timer_seconds == 1)
  {
    // reset timer
    timer_seconds = 0;
    // turn off by setting target temperature to zero
    t_set = 0;
    // Reset the PID
    myPID.SetMode(MANUAL);
    myPID.SetMode(AUTOMATIC);
  }

  // decrement backoff
  if (backoff > 0)
    backoff--;
}

//The interrupt occurs when you push the button
SIGNAL(BUTTON1_INT_VECT)
{
  display_status = TEMP;
  backoff = BACKOFFTIME;
}

SIGNAL(BUTTON2_INT_VECT)
{
  display_status = TIME;
  backoff = BACKOFFTIME;
}

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(9600);

  // set ADC reference to 3.3V
  analogReference(DEFAULT);

  // initialize pwm drive pin, and turn it off
  pinMode(pwm_pin, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(pwm_pin, HIGH);

  // initialize buzzer pin
  pinMode(buzz, OUTPUT);

  // initialize the buttons
  pinMode(theButton, INPUT);
  digitalWrite(theButton, HIGH); // pull-up
  pinMode(theButton2, INPUT);
  digitalWrite(theButton2, HIGH); // pull-up
  BUTTONS_INT_SET();

  //Setup TIMER2
  TCCR2A = 0x00;
  TCCR2B = (1<<CS22)|(1<<CS20); //Set CLK/128 or overflow interrupt every 1s
  ASSR   = (1<<AS2); //Enable asynchronous operation
  TIMSK2 = (1<<TOIE2); //Enable the timer 2 interrupt

  //These pins are used to control the display
  pinMode(segA, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segB, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segC, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segD, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segE, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segF, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(segG, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(digit1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(digit2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(digit3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(digit4, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(colons, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(pinInt, INPUT);

  // setup PID stuff
  myPID.SetOutputLimits(PWM_MIN-1, PWM_MS-PWM_MIN+1);
  myPID.SetMode(AUTOMATIC);
  myPID.SetSampleTime(PWM_MS);
  windowStartTime = millis();

  // initialize pwm
  pwm_duty = 0; // off
  t_incub = read_temperature();
  t_incub_N = 1;

  // initialize slow variables for display
  t_incub_disp = t_incub;

}

void loop()
{

  getFreq();
    
  for(int c = 0 ; c < 1; c +=1) { 
  displayNumber(count, FALSE); //Each call takes about 8ms, display the colon

  }
  /*
  Serial.print("sensor = " );                       
  Serial.print(count);      
  Serial.print("\t output = ");      
  Serial.println(countSQ);  
  */
}

// Simple PWM based on millis directly

void temperatureControl()
{

  unsigned long now = millis();

  // averaging over the whole 5 seconds
  t_incub += (read_temperature() - t_incub)/(++t_incub_N);

  if(now - windowStartTime > PWM_MS)
  { 
    // compute new pwm value for that window
    if (t_set != 0)
      myPID.Compute();

    // start a new relay window
    windowStartTime = now;

    // restart averaging of temperature
    t_incub_disp = t_incub;
    t_incub = read_temperature();
    t_incub_N = 1;

  }


}

void analogIn()
{

  a_Poti = read_AnalogIn();
    
}

void getFreq()
{

  countTMP = 0;
  count = 0;
 
  for(int c = 0 ; c < averaging; c +=1) { 
 
    countTMP = 0; 
 
    input = digitalRead(pinInt);
 
    for (int16_t i = 0; i < 3000; i++){
 
      inputNext = digitalRead(pinInt);
 
      if(input != inputNext){
        countTMP = countTMP + 1;
        input=inputNext;
      }
    }
 
    count = count + countTMP;
 
  }
 
  count = count / averaging;
    
}

* Routines to display on 7-segment *

/************************************/
/* Routines to display on 7-segment */
/************************************/

//Given 1022, we display "10:22"
//Each digit is displayed for ~2000us, and cycles through the 4 digits
//After running through the 4 numbers, the display is turned off

void displayNumber(int toDisplay, boolean displayColon)
{

#define DIGIT_ON   LOW
#define DIGIT_OFF  HIGH

  for(int digit = 4 ; digit > 0 ; digit--) {

    //Turn on a digit for a short amount of time
    switch(digit) {
    case 1:
      digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(colons, LOW);
      break;
    case 2:
      digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(colons, LOW);
      break;
    case 3:
      digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_ON);
      if(displayColon == TRUE) 
        digitalWrite(colons, HIGH); //When we update digit 2, let's turn on colons as well
      else
        digitalWrite(colons, LOW);
      break;
    case 4:
      digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_ON);
      digitalWrite(colons, LOW);
      break;
    }

    //Now display this digit
    if (digit != 5)
    {
      if( (toDisplay/10 != 0) || (toDisplay % 10) != 0) // do not display leading zeros
        lightNumber(toDisplay % 10); //Turn on the right segments for this digit

        toDisplay /= 10;
    }
    else
    {
     // lightNumber(0);
    }
    
    delayMicroseconds(2000); //Display this digit for a fraction of a second (between 1us and 5000us, 500-2000 is pretty good)
    //If you set this too long, the display will start to flicker. Set it to 25000 for some fun.

    //Turn off all segments
    lightNumber(10);

    //Turn off all digits
    digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(colons, DIGIT_OFF);
    //digitalWrite(ampm, DIGIT_OFF);
  }

}

//Takes a string like "gren" and displays it, left justified
//We don't use the colons, or AMPM dot, so they are turned off
void displayLetters(char * colorName)
{
#define DIGIT_ON  HIGH
#define DIGIT_OFF  LOW

  digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_ON);
  digitalWrite(colons, DIGIT_OFF);
  //digitalWrite(ampm, DIGIT_OFF);

  for(int digit = 0 ; digit < 4 ; digit++) {
    //Turn on a digit for a short amount of time
    switch(digit) {
    case 0:
      digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_ON);
      break;
    case 1:
      digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_ON);
      break;
    case 2:
      digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_ON);
      break;
    case 3:
      digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_ON);
      break;
    }

    //Now display this letter
    lightNumber(colorName[digit]); //Turn on the right segments for this letter

    delayMicroseconds(2000); //Display this digit for a fraction of a second (between 1us and 5000us, 500-2000 is pretty good)
    //If you set this too long, the display will start to flicker. Set it to 25000 for some fun.

    //Turn off all segments
    lightNumber(10);

    //Turn off all digits
    digitalWrite(digit1, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit2, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit3, DIGIT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(digit4, DIGIT_OFF);
  }
}

//Given a number, turns on those segments
//If number == 10, then turn off all segments
void lightNumber(int numberToDisplay)
{

#define SEGMENT_ON  HIGH
#define SEGMENT_OFF LOW

  /*
Segments
   -  A
   F / / B
   -  G
   E / / C
   -  D
   */

  switch (numberToDisplay)
  {

  case 0:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 1:
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 2:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 3:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 4:
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 5:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 6:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 7:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 8:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 9:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 10:
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_OFF);
    break;

    /*
Segments
     -  A
     F / / B
     -    G
     E / / C
     - D
     */

    //Letters
  case 'b': //cdefg
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;
  case 'L': //def
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;
  case 'u': //cde
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 'g': //abcdfg
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;
  case 'r': //eg
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;
  case 'n': //ceg
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

    //case r
  case 'e': //adefg
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;
  case 'd': //bcdeg
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;
  case ' ': //None
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_OFF);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_OFF);
    break;

  case 'y': //bcdfg
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;
    
  case 'U': //bcdfg
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;
    
  case 'C': //bcdfg
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;
    
  case 'O': //bcdfg
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;
    
  case 'K': //bcdfg
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;
  
    
    //case e 
    //case L
  case 'o': //cdeg
    digitalWrite(segC, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segD, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segE, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  case 'º': // abfg
    digitalWrite(segA, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segB, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segF, SEGMENT_ON);
    digitalWrite(segG, SEGMENT_ON);
    break;

  }
}